Signaling system



May 8, 1928.` A 1,668,888

` O.. E. BUCKLEY SIGNALING SYSTEM original Filed March 29. 1924 2 sheets-sheet 1 v j 26 2.5 gmt: if

l' 1 A Wqjzlawls 16 7 8 91854345.59 v #H May 8, 1928.

O. E. BUCKLEY SIGNALING SYSTEM v Original Filed March 29. 1924 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 5 25' l l l l l u im "bi HF@ @am 75 7a /n Vemar.' //Ver f.' 500K/ey y Any connected to-theoperatin'g elements of an automatic transmitter 43. The segments 8 to l2 are likewise connected to the operating elements of an automatic transmitter 44. interposed between these two groups Otseginents are two segments 6 and 7 Which are connected to opposite terminals of a battery and which serve upon being bridged with the continuous ring 40 by the brush 42 to transmit over the line or cable 25 impulses for correcting the phase relation of the brush arms ot a similar distributor located at station B. y

The youtput circuit of the amplifier or correcting network 28 has one terminal grounded `While the other terminal is connected through battery 85 and an adjustable resistance 45 to the continuous lring 46 of the receiving section 33 of the distributor. This section ot the distributor like the section 32 also consists of the continuous ring 46 and a plurality of smaller Segments which are adapted to be bridged with the continuous ring by means of brush 50. The

continuous ring 46 is also connected to the armature ot' relay 39 through an adjustable resistance 5l, serving to regulate the value of the current applied upon the operation or relay 39 to the continuous ring 46. The space separating. segments 5 and 6 of the receiving section 33 is equal to the combined length ot' the segments 6 and 7 of the transmitting section 32 and may be referred to asidle segments which may be used in cases when it is desired to provide forthe correction ot the phase relation ot' the distributors in either direction. Alternate segments of the ring 47 or' the receiving section 33 are connected together and in turn connected to one terminal of condensers 48 and 49 respectively. Thus, upon the passage of the brush 5() over the respective segments of..

the ring 47, a charge will be applied to one or both of these condcnsers depending upon the segment which the brush has at that instant engaged, in accordance with the operation of the relay 39 and the residual unbalance current applied to the amplifier and correcting network 28. Impulses may also, at this time, be received in which case the accumulated current resulting from the received signal current and theresidual unbalance will be impressed on one or the other of the condensers 48 and 49. Accordingly, these condensers Will be charged.

A discharge circuit foreach of these condensers 48 and 49 is established upon the engagement of brush 56 with the segments comprising rings 57 and 58 of the discharge segment 34 through the windings of relay 55 and an adjustable resistance 59. The relay controls, through its armature and contacts, the application of battery to the continuous ring 6l ot the distributing section 35 et the distributor arranged to be bridged with the smaller segments l to l0 which arc connected to the selecting magnets ot printers 63 and 64 by means ot a brush 62. lt isrthus seen that should either of the condensers 48 or 49 receive a charge, the accumulated charge resulting from the residual unbalance current will be substantially neutralized, due to the impression of a neutrali'zing current on the continuous ring 46 in accordance with the operation of relay 39. rEhe signal current impulses which may at that time be received from the line or cable 25 `Will accordingly be properly recorded.

Referring now for a moment to Fig. 2 which shows apparatus similar to that 4described invconnection with Fig.- 1, except that at station B correcting mechanism for correcting the phase relation of the distributor to maintain it in synchronism with the distributor at station A is illustrated. F or the sake of clearness, the apparatus similar to that shoivn in Fig. l bears the same reterence characters with the prime indices added. Further, only so much of the apparatus as has not been previously described in connection with Fig. l will new be described. Segment of the receiving section 33 of the distributor is adapted to be bridged with ring 46 at the same time that brush 42 at station A is passing over segments 6 and 7, and is connected through the windings of a relay 7l to ground. One contact and the armature of this relay is shunted by a condenser 80 and is adapted to be connected to segment 72 of the discharge section 34. Adapted to be bridged with the segment 72 by means of brush 56 are segments 73 and 74 which are connected to the upper and lower-windings of a correcting relay 75. This-relay 75 controls through its contacts the short-cireuiting of a resistance 76 which is normally connected in circuit with the Winding of the driving magnet 77 of the tuning fork 78 which functions to apply operating current to opposite driving n'iagnets of a La Cour motor. As is Well understood by those skilled in the art, this motor serves to drive the distributor brush arms on which the respective brushes are mounted. Consequently, `impulses which are transmitted from the station A upon the passage of the brush 42 over segments 6 and 7 ot the transmitting section 32 ot' the distributor located at this station will control relay 7l which in turn controls the energization of correcting relay 75 and thereby maintains the distributor at station B in synchronism with the distributor at station A.

The operation ot the system and apparatus just described is as tollowsrhe distributor at the correcting or pace-setting station A is lirst set in motion and its speed of rotation adjusted so that the time required forV brush 42 to pass over the transmitting segment as for example segment l ot the sendllU ing section 32 will be'tlie `smallest exact divisor ot the time required lor the signal so transmitted to traverse aline or cable 25 that will permit those signal current iinpulres so transmitted to bereceived at the will' be Atiansniittedto the line or cable 25- upon the passage of brush 42 over segments 6 and 7 o'll the transmitting section 32. The

position olf theI brush atv the corrected station B is then adjusted so-that it will be passing over segment at `the time'the reversal'of current transmitted from theltransinitting station isreceived..A The reversal thus received is amplified and corrected by the amplifier and correcting network '28 and then impressed upon thewinding of relay 7l through battery 85 and resistance 45', the continuous ring' 46" and segment 7 O which causes thearn'iature of relay 7l tobe moved away from its lowery contact and to engage its upper contact Vto either the segment73 or 74 ot the dischargeringv '34', according to the position occupied bybrush 5G. Assuming, tor the moment, that brush;

56 is upon segment 711, a short impulse .due to the applied potential, and thedischarge ol' condenser 8O is impressed on the winding of correcting relay 75 which will move-its armature against its upper contact thereby short-circuitmg resistance 7G. This causes the amplitude of vibration oi' thel tuning forli 7S vto increase, thus lowering its'frequency o'l vibra-tion which results in a slightrreduction in the spe-ed of the driving motor 7 9. The speed of the brush 56 is therefore slightly retarded and will run slower than the .cor-

responding distributor at thecorrecting or pace-setting station A until it has dropped sutliciently behind its normal position that it will connect segment 72 with segment 73 oll the discharge segment 3st at the time o't the li'eception of a correcting reversal from station A; Then this occurs, the impulses dueto the cl'iarging oi condenser 80 will speed ot rotation otbrush 56v is thereby aceelerated and its positionY with respect to the position of brush 42 at station lA is advanced until another correcting impulse rotation.

causesrelay 75 to again retard its speed of 'll1us,`the'distributor at the correctcd station B is held at approximately the same speed and approximately the same phase relation with the speed ol the distributor at the. correcting or pacesetting station A. eIt, should be noted that the correct-v ing impulses are not stored in the' condensers 418" and 119 as are the received signal,r current impulses but are applied directly to the relay 7l, the operation of which is thus made independent oit the receiving circuits.

During the time allotted. to the' reception ot correcting impulses at the corrected sta-` tion B no signal current'impulses can be transmitted from either sta-tion and the received correcting impulses are theretoi'e not `subject to distortion or mutilation by unbalance currents.

After synchronism between kthe two distributors has thus been established, the tollowing additional adjustment must be made before starting the transmission of message impulses. Brushes 50, 5G and 62 at the correcting or pace-setting station A are adjusl'ed so that they will be passing upon their respective segments l ot ring 47, 10 of lring 5S, and l() of ythe distributing sec. tionr-iiat the time brush liiegins to pass upon segment l of the transmitting section 4At the corrected station B, brushes 42 and G2 are similarly adjusted witli'respect tothe position oit brush56. The armature ot"neutralizing*relay SJfat station A is adjusted sotliat it will remain in its midwaypositionbetween its 'upper and lower contacts` and not malte contact with either ot them at times when `the windings of this relay are not energized by outgoing signaling current impulses. Relay 39 at the corrected stat-ion is likewise yadjusted. The artil'icial lines' AL Vat both stations are adjusted to balance as nearly as possible the line or cable 25. f

In order to prevent thecharging of the condensers when no signals are being transmitted or received the out-put battery ot' the amplifier is formed ottavo portions 8o and SG4 andhas in series a resistance 87 of such a value that thenormal potential drop therein. is equal and opposite to that in the battery portion 86., ylt will be yunderstood that the amplilicr 28 is o'lI a type having subs'antial output `ii'n}' edanCe such, rtor example, .as ra vacuum tube amplifier. The/output circuit 'including the resistance and the conloo dei'isers 48 and i9 is connected across battery portion 86 and resistance 87 at normally equipotential points',r and, `so long as no signals are impressed on' the input circuitof the amplifier, no current will flow in the out.` put circuit and no charge will be impressed on the condeiisers. However, when a signal is applied kto the input circuit of the ampli-V tier-a current flows in the outputcireuit and the condensers are charged in accordance `with the character of the signal.

The transmission ol' signaling current 1m-' segu'xent 1 to neutralizing condenser 49l which will result in leaving a charge on this condenser when the brush 59 has passedot oi' segment 1. is the approximate integral-ot the unbalance current over the time occupied by brush 50 in passing over segment 1 and onto segment: 2. The transmitted signal current impulse upon the passage o't' brush 42 onto segment 1 causes the enerOiZation of neutralizing relay 39 which moves its armature into engagement with one or the other ot its' contacts, depending upon the position occupied by the reverse switch 38. Current thus yiiows from one or the other of the batteries associated with theseY contacts through the engaged contact and the armature ot relay 39, resistance 51, continuous ring 46. brush 50 and segment 1 to condenser 49 which thereupon receives a charge in accordance with the currentapplied. The quant-ity of' the neutralizing charge thus impressed upon this condenser can, by means of adjusting the resistance 51, be made exactly equal to the quantity of charge impressed upon that condenser by the unbalance current. The position oi the reversing switch 38 is so selected that this neutralizing current will also be opposite in sign to that of the charge impressed on the condenser 49 by the residual unbalance current. lit, atthe instant the signal the signal current impulse was being transmitted due to the engagement o'lI the brush 42 with segment 1, a signal was just beginning to arrive from the distant station, the current in the output circuit oi the amplifier and correcting network 2S would be the sum of the amplified received signalingl current impulse and the amplilied residual balance current so that the charge received by the condenser 49 would represent the time integral ot the algebraic sum of' the received current impulse and the residual unbalance current. This type of signal is shown graphically in Fig. 3 in which A represents the wave form of the received signaling current, B, the wave form of the imbalance current due to the transmitted signals, and C the algebraic sum of A and B which is the wave tormof the current acting upon the condenser 49 during the passage of brush 50 over segment 1 to pro- The charge of this condenserV duce the charge represented by D. The quantity and sign of the charge represented by the charge impressed upon condenser 49 by the neutralizing relay 39 is represented by E and as condenser 49 had had substantially impressed upon it the charge equal to D, the total charge remaining after brush 50 had passed otf of segment 1 would be the algebraic sum of these two quantities which is represented by F. This remaining charge, therefore, is the time integral ot the received signaling current impulses shown at A.

As brush 5G passes upon segment 1 of the distributor ring 34, condenser 49 is allowed to discharge through the windings ot relay and the resistance 59. This relay is thereby operated and battery is applied to the continuous ring 61 ot the distributing section 35 and thence through brush 62 and segment 1 to the lirst ot' the selecting magnets comprising the receiving printer 63. During the passage ot' the brush 56 over segment 1 ot the discharge section 34, the residualunbalance current, due to the next succeeding transmitted signaling current impulse impresses on condenser 48 a-charge in a manner similar to that previously described, and the received signal current impulse in accordance with the applied charge on the condenser will actxon the windings of relay when the brush 56 vengages segment lot the discharge section 34. It is thus seen that the condensers 48 and 49 act alternately kto receive the sum oi' the residual unbalance current, the neutralizing current and the received signaling current impulses in which the unbalance current is neutralized by the neutralizing current impulse, due to the operation of relay 39.

Should the signaling current impulses t ansmitted upon the passage of the brush 42 onto any of the transn'iitting segments of the transmitting section 32 be followed by one or more signals of the same polarity, the second and all succeeding impulses of the same polarity would cause very little, it any, imbalance current to flow in the output circuit ot the ampliiier and the correcting network 28 vand the operation of the neutrali ing relay would therefore be unnecessary. This condition is provided for by the neutral adjustment of that relay, as previously described, which causes its armature to move to the center or no-contact position at times when' the outgoing signaling current impulses drop to nearly zero during the transmission ot a series of impulses of the same polarity. it should be observed that the wave form or" the impulse impressed on the relay 55, due to the discharge of either condensers 48 or 49 may be altered by means ot the adjustable resistance 59 to givethe shape and amplitude which is most suitable for the operation of this relay.' It is thus seen lUt:

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lLeesgeee that the condensers 48 and 49', in addition totheir function as storage devices for permitting the neutralization oiiunbalance currents, also act as storage devices for the received signaling current impulses to further inalre it possible to benelicially alter the wave torni ot'tlie'receivcd signalingy current impulses.

Although the invention has been disclosed and described with reference toa particular type ofsystein, it is, ot course, obif'ious that Fai-ions modifications may 'be made without departing vroin'tlie scope and spirit of the present invention. .lt is obvious, for example, that. a more complex Yimpedance can be used if desired in place oit the resistance 5l for controlling the imbalance neutralizing current. Y

l/'hlat is 'claimed is:

l. A method ot' signaling over lines employing balancing networks which consists in apiiilying to-said line signaling current impulses, storing a quantity of electricity in accordance with a current produced by said signaling current impulses due to lack of balance between the line and balancing networlr, and neutralizing the quantity ot electricity thus stored;

2. il method ot' neutralizing imbalance currents produced by the transmission ot signaling current impulses due to lack of balance between the real and artificial lines which consists in storing a quantity of electricity d eterniined'by the imbalance current, and applying to the thus stored quantity of electricity in accordance with the signaling currentiinpulses transmitted a like quantity et electricity for neutralizing the eii'ect of the imbalance current.

i 3. A method of neutralizing Y imbalance` currents produced upon the transmission of signaling current impulses due to a lacko'f balance between the real and artiiicial lines which consists in storing a quantity of electricity dependent on the imbalance'current,

and neutralizingl the quant-ity ofrelectricity thus stored by applying a charge of an opposite sign in accordance with the signaling current impulses transmitted. y

Li. A method et' signaling over lines employing balancing networks wliichconsists in applying to said line signaling current impulses, producing a current wave corresponding to the lack ot balance between the line and the balancing network,V opposing said wave-with another Wave of such polarity and shape that when the two are simultaneously impressed upon an integrating device theintegral ot' the resulting current over a certain period will be zero,` .and integratingl the resulting current over said period,V said imbalance wave and said other wave being suiiiciently different in shape that they would not balance each other without integration.

" 5." In a signaling system, a line conductor, vduplex equipment associated with saidr line,

transmitting means connected to said duplex equipn'ient, an output circuit tlieretoii, means in saidv output circuit tor' storing the energy resulting vfrom current produced upon the transniission ot signaling currentimpulses due to lack of balance between the real and artiiicial lines, and means responsive to the operation el saidk f transinitting means'. Afor neutralizing the energy stored in said storingmeans.V f

G. Atelegrapli system 'comprising 'a line 7. A telegraph system comprising a line conductor, duplex equipment associatedwitli said line conductor, transmitting means, an electrostatic means for'receiving a charge resulting from a current produced upon the operation ot said transmitting means due to a lack of balance between the real and artificial lines, and means responsive to the signals transmitted to said line conductor for applying to said electrostatic means a charge equal and opposite to the charge produced thereon `by the current resulting due to the unbalanced condition.

8. A telegraph system comprising a line conductor equipped for Iduplex service, transmitting and receiving mechanisms associable with said line'conductor, means for storing a quantity of electricity dependent on the current produced upon the operation ot said transmitting -means due to an unbalance between the real and artificial lines and any signaling current impulses then being received from said line, means responsive in accordance with the signaling current impulses transn'iitted by said transmitting mechanism for applying to said storing means a quantity of electricity for neutralizing the quantity of electricity resulting due to said unbalanced condition, and means for rendering the quantity of electricity. remaining in said storing means effective on said receiving mechanism.

9. A method of signaling comprising causing electricity to flow in the forni of a distorted signaling current storing said electricity .and subsequently dischargingit and producing a signal indication therefrom.

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l0.V A method of signaling comprising iniso sequent interval of time to produce a signal indication.

11. In combination, a source of distorted signaling currents, n condenser, a signal responsive device and commutnting means for connecting,- said condenser to seid source during :in interval oi' time and to said signal responsive device during a subsequent interval of time.

12. In combination, a telegraph conductor over which are received distorted signaling impulses, zi condenser, a signal responsive device., and commutating means for connect- 

